2.1+Molecules+to+metabolism

=**MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2.1 MOLECULES TO METABOLISM**= Falsification of theories—the artificial synthesis of urea helped to falsify vitalism. (1.9) || • Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved. • Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist. • Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. • Metabolism is the web of all the enzyme-catalysed reactions in a cell or organism. • Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions. • Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers. || • Application: Urea as an example of a compound that is produced by living organisms but can also be artificially synthesized- link to **TOK** • **Skill: Drawing molecular diagrams of glucose, ribose, a saturated fatty acid and a generalized amino acid.** • **Skill: Identification of biochemicals such as sugars, lipids or amino acids from molecular diagrams.** || • Only the ring forms of D-ribose, alpha–D-glucose and beta-D-glucose are expected in drawings. • Sugars include monosaccharides and disaccharides. • Only one saturated fat is expected and its specific name is not necessary. • The variable radical of amino acids can be shown as R. The structure of individual R-groups does not need to be memorized. • Students should be able to recognize from molecular diagrams that triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids are lipids. Drawings of steroids are not expected. <span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'MyriadPro-Regular','sans-serif'; font-size: 12.6667px;">• Proteins or parts of polypeptides should be recognized from molecular diagrams showing amino acids linked by peptide bonds. || media type="custom" key="29312813" Below is a video that may help you to understand why carbon is so important for living organisms: media type="youtube" key="QnQe0xW_JY4" height="384" width="681"
 * **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'MyriadPro-Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 12.6667px;">Essential idea: **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'MyriadPro-Regular','sans-serif'; font-size: 12.6667px;">Living organisms control their composition by a complex web of chemical reactions. ||  ||
 * **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'MyriadPro-Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 12.6667px;">Nature of science: **
 * **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'MyriadPro-Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 12.6667px;">Understandings: **
 * **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'MyriadPro-Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 12.6667px;">Applications and skills: **
 * **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'MyriadPro-Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 12.6667px;">Guidance: **
 * **<span style="color: #000000; font-family: 'MyriadPro-Bold','sans-serif'; font-size: 12.6667px;">TOK: There is a difference between the living and non-living environment. How are we able to know the difference? ** ||  ||
 * Here is the powerpoint to accompany this topic.**